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Posted by jeong Date 2007-04-01 13:25:55
 Title/Subject    ÈæÀοµ¾î
1. ÈæÀÎ ¿µ¾îÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ

'Ebonics' ¶õ ÈæÀÎ ¿µ¾î (Black English), ȤÀº ¾ÆÇÁ·Î-¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ȤÀº ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä­-¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä­ Áö¿ª ¿µ¾î (African-American Vernacular English) ¸¦ ¾ð¾îÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ºÎ¸£±â ÆíÇϵµ·Ï ÀÏÄ´ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.

1970 ³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ, ÈæÀÎ ¿µ¾î ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­´Â º°´Ù¸¥ ÇмúÀû ÁøÀüÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. »ç½Ç, 'Ebonics' ¶ó´Â ¿ë¾î ¶ÇÇÑ 1975 ³â¿¡ ÃâÆÇµÈ " Ebonics: The Language of Black Folks ( Ebonics: ÈæÀεéÀÇ ¾ð¾î )" ¶ó´Â Ã¥¿¡¼­ À¯·¡µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù

ÈæÀÎ ¿µ¾îÀÎ Ebonics °¡ ¿µ¾îÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹æ¾ð ÁßÀÇ Çϳª·Î ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀÇ¿¡´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¹Ý·ÐÀÌ ³ª¿À°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÈæÀÎ ¿µ¾î´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹®¹ýÀûÀÌ¸ç ¾ð¾îÇÐÀûÀÎ ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó Àû¿ëµÇ°í È°¿ëµÈ´Ù.

ÈæÀÎ ¿µ¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Àß ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³, ÈæÀÎ ¿µ¾î´Â "ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÇÑ ¾ûÅ͸® ¾ð¾î"°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.

ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÇÐÀÚ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ Á¶±×¸¸ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ÀÖÀ»Áö¾ðÁ¤ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇÐÀÚµéÀº °ÅÀÇ °°Àº Á¤ÀǸ¦ ³»¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù

ÈæÀÎ ¿µ¾î¸¦ ÈæÀÎ ¹æ¾ð(Negro Dialect), ÈæÀÎ ºñ Ç¥ÁØ ¿µ¾î(Negro Non-Standard English), ºñÇ¥ÁØÈæÀοµ¾î(Non-Standard Negro English:NNE) µîÀ¸·Îµµ ºÎ¸¥´Ù.

¾ö¹ÐÇÑ Àǹ̿¡¼­´Â ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿Í ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ¹× ¼­ÀεµÁ¦µµÀÇ ¿¾ ¿µ±¹ ½Ä¹ÎÁö Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ÈæÀεéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¿µ¾îÀÇ º¯Á¾ÀÌ ¿©±â¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.

¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °æ¿ì, Àüü Àα¸ÀÇ ¾à 12%¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ÈæÀÎ Áß Àý¹Ý ÀÌ»óÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÇ¸ç Å©°Ô ´º¿å•¿ö½ÌÅÏ•½ÃÄ«°í µîÀÇ ´ëµµ½Ã ÀþÀºÀÌ°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸»°ú ³²ºÎ ³óÃÌ Áö¿ª¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ³ëÀÎÀÌ ¾²´Â ¸», »ç¿ì½ºÄ³·Ñ¶óÀ̳ªÁÖ ¹× Á¶Áö¾ÆÁÖ ¿¬¾È°ú Àα٠¼¶¿¡¼­ ¾²´Â °¥¶ó(Gullah) ¹æ¾ðÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶´Ù.

¶Ç ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» »ìÆ캸¸é, ¸ÕÀú Todd¿Í Hancock(1986 : 81)´Â ÈæÀοµ¾î¶õ 2650¸¸ ¹Ì±¹ÈæÀεéÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ºñ Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾îÇüÅÂ(A Nonstandard Variety)¶ó°í ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç Crane, Yeager, Witman(1981 : 180)´Â ÈæÀοµ¾î¶õ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÈæÀε鿡 ÀÇÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹Ì±¹¿µ¾îÀÇ ÇÑ ÇüÅÂ(Variant)¶ó°í Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¶Ç Fromkin°ú Rodman(1978 : 254)Àº º¸´Ù ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ÈæÀοµ¾î¶õ Áß»ê°èÃþÀÌÇÏÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÈæÀεé(Non-middle-class U. S. Blacks)ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿µ¾îÇüÅ·μ­ Negro English ¶Ç´Â Nonstandard Negro English¶ó°í ºÒ¸®±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

¸¹Àº ±³À°À» ¹ÞÀº »çȸÀû, °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁöÀ§°¡ ³ôÀº ÈæÀεéÀº ¹éÀεéÀ» ³î¶ó°Ô ÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾î¸¦ Àß ±¸»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¾Æ¼­ ÈæÀοµ¾î¸¦ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¸ðµç ÈæÀÎÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿µ¾î¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù´Â ÈæÀοµ¾î°¡ »çȸÀû, °æÁ¦Àû ÇϺΰèÃþ¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù´Â Á¡À» °¨¾ÈÇÑ´Ù¸é ÈæÀοµ¾î¶õ ÇϺΠ°èÃþÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÈæÀÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿µ¾îÀÇ ÇÑ ÇüŶó°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ» °Í °°´Ù.


2.ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ ±â¿ø°ú ¿ª»ç

1) ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ ±â¿ø

1. ÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ ¿ì¿­(genetic inferiority)¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀ¸·Î 1930³â´ë±îÁö ÀÎÁ¤µÇ´ø ÀÌ·ÐÀ̳ª ´ç½ÃÀÇ ½Ã´ë»ó ¹Ý¿µµÈ Àü¹®Áö½ÄÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ßÇØ

2. ÈæÀοµ¾î´Â ¹æ¾ð(nonstandard English)¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. Áï Ãʱ⠽Ŵë·ú¿¡ ÀÌÁÖÇÑ ¿µ±¹ÀεéÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¾ðÀÌ ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Ù´Â °ßÇØ

3. ¹®È­°áÇÌ(cultural deprivation)ÀÌ·ÐÀ¸·Î ¾ð¾îÈ°µ¿ ±âȸÀÇ ¹ÚÅ»ÀÌ ¾ð¾î°áÇÌÁõÀ» ³º¾Ò´Ù´Â °ßÇØ

4. creole±â¿ø¼³ : ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« Å»ýÀÇ ÈæÀÎ ³ë¿¹µéÀº ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ °íÀå¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷³¢¸® ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¼­·Î ¾ð¾î°¡ ÅëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±× °á°ú·Î À̵éÀº »õ·Î¿î ¾ð¾î¼ö´ÜÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ¿´´Ù, ÀÌ·± ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ »ý°Ü³­ ¾ð¾î°¡ pigdin¾îÀÌ´Ù.

ÇÇÁøÀº ¸ð±¹¾îÈ­ÀÚ¸¦ °®Áö ¾Ê´Â ¾ð¾îÀÌ´Ù. ±×·± ¾ð¾î´Â ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾îÀÇ È­ÀÚµéÀÌ »ó¾÷¿¡ Á¾»çÇϸ鼭 ¼­·Î ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ¹ß´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÇÇÁøÀº ´ë°³ ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ¾îÈÖ¿Í Áö±ØÈ÷ ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ ±ÔĢü°è¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥¾î¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ ÇÇÁøÀº 15-6¼¼±â¿¡ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¼­ºÎÇؾÈÀ» µû¶ó¼­ ¹ß´ÞÇß´Ù.

ÀÌ ¾ð¾î´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«Àΰú Æ÷·çÅõ°¥ÀλӸ¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¼öÀÇ »óÈ£ ÀÌÇØÇϱ⠾î·Á¿î ¾ð¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´ø ÅäÂø ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÎµé °£ÀÇ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀ» À§ÇÑ ±âÃʸ¦ Á¦°øÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

±× ÈÄ¿¡ ¿µ±¹ÀÌ ÀÌ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ¹«¿ªÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇßÀ» ¶§, ÇÇÁø¿µ¾î´Â ÇÇÁøÆ÷·çÅõ°¥¾î¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é¼­ ´õ ¹ß´ÞÇßÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÃßÃøµÈ´Ù.

Stewart(1970:359)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, Àû¾îµµ ¾ó¸¶ÀÇ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀεéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ½Å¼¼°è¿¡ ¿ÔÀ» ¶§ ÀÌ¹Ì ÇÇÁø¿µ¾î¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø °Í °°´Ù. °í ÇÑ´Ù.

³ë¿¹»óÀεéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¹è·Î º¸³½ ³ë¿¹µé°£ÀÇ È¿À²ÀûÀÎ °èȹ°ú ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÁÙÀ̱â À§Çؼ­ ³ë¿¹µéÀÌ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇß´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¾ð¾î°¡ È¥ÇÕµÈ ÀÌ·± »óȲ¿¡¼­ ÇÇÁø¿µ¾î°¡ ³ë¿¹µé°£ÀÇ °ø¿ë¾î°¡ µÇ¾úÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀº ³ô´Ù.

ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ÇÇÁøÀÌ ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ¸ð±¹¾î°¡ µÉ °æ¿ì¸¦ Å©·¹¿ÃÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÇÁø¿µ¾î´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ³óÀå¿¡¼­ ž´Â ÈæÀÎ ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ¸ð±¹¾î Áï Å©·¹¿ÃÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·± Å©·¹¿ÃÀº ÀǽÉÇÒ °Íµµ ¾øÀÌ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« »Ñ¸®¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò°í, ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾î ¾îÈÖ¿Í À¯ÇüÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é¼­ ¹ß´ÞÇØ ¿Ô´Ù.

µû¶ó¼­, Àû¾îµµ ¸î¸î ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÈæÀοµ¾î°¡ ³²ºÎÁö¹æÀÇ ³óÀå¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ Å©·¹¿Ã¿¡¼­ ±× ±â¿øÀ» °®´Â´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ÀÌ·± °ßÇØ¿¡ µû¸£¸é ÈæÀοµ¾î¸¦ Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾îÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ÆÄ»ý¹°, ÇϳªÀÇ °á¿©µÈ ÇüŶó°í °£ÁÖÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº À߸øÀÌ´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÈæÀοµ¾î´Â Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾î¿Í º°°³ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû ±âÃʸ¦ °®´Â´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

2) ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ ¿ª»ç

1. Pidgin English
1619³â ³×´ú¶õµåÀÇ ¹è ÇÑôÀÌ 20¸íÀÇ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ÀεéÀ» Å¿ì°í VirginiaÁÖÀÇ Jamestown¿¡ µµÂøÇϸ鼭 ¹Ì±¹ ´ë·ú¿¡¼­ ÈæÀÎÀÇ ¿ª»ç°¡ ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ, ³ë¿¹¼±À» Ÿ°í ÆÈ·Á°¡´Â ÈæÀεéÀº ¼­·Î ¾ð¾î°¡ ´Þ¶ú´Ù. ³ë¿¹»óÀεéÀº ³ë¿¹µéÀÇ Áý´Ü³­µ¿À̳ª ÀúÇ×À» ¿¹¹æÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀϺη¯ ¾ð¾î°¡ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ³ë¿¹µéÀ» °ñ¶ó¼­ ½Ç¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­ ³ë¿¹µéÀº ¼­·Î ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÇÒ lingua franca°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù, À̶§ »ç¿ëµÈ °ÍÀÌ Pidgin English¿´´Ù.

2. Plantation Creole
ÈæÀεéÀº ¼±Á¶µéÀÇ Pidgin English¸¦ ¸ð±¹¾î·Î ½ÀµæÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ÀÌ ¾ð¾î¸¦ Plantation Creole¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¹éÀΰú Á¢ÃËÀÌ Àû°í ³ë¿¹°¡ ¸¹¾Ò´ø ¹Ì±¹ ³²µ¿ºÎ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯±îÁöµµ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀºÃ¤ ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªÀº GeorgiaÁÖ¿Í South CarolinaÁÖÀÇ µ¿ÂÊÇØ¾È ¹× ÀαÙÁö¿ªÀÎSea IslandsÀÏ´ëÀÌ´Ù.

3. Black English
¹éÀεéÀÇ ¾ð¾î¿Í »ýÈ°¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡°Ô µÇ¾î1930³â±îÁö »õ·Î¿î ¾îÈÖµéÀÌ ¿µ¾î¿¡
µµÀԵȴÙ.
jazz, spiritual, jelly roll, blues, boogie woogie, sugar, rock'n roll, rhythm and blues, ugly, cakewalk , soul music, bad, jitterbug, uptight, mean, jive-talk,sharp , hot µî 2Â÷ ´ëÀü ÀÌÈÄ ÈæÀεéÀÇ civil rightsÀÌ º»°ÝÈ­µÇ¸é¼­ Negro¶õ ¸»´ë½Å BlackÀ̶õ ¿ë¾î°¡ ÀϹÝÈ­. 1979³â ¹Ì½Ã°ÇÁÖ Ann Arbor¹ýÁ¤¿¡¼­ ÈæÀοµ¾î¸¦ µ¶ÀÚÀû ¾ð¾îü°è·Î ÆÇ°á. Afro-American English·Î ºÎ¸£°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Pidgin English - Plantation Creole - Nigger English - Negro dialect
- Black English - Afro American English


3. ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿Í Ư¡


1) À½¿îÀû Çö»ó(Phonological Features)
/r/ÀÇ »ý·«(The Deletion of /r/)
¸¹Àº ÈæÀεéÀº ¸ðÀ½ ¹Ù·Î µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â /r/À» ¹ßÀ½½Ã¿¡ »ý·«ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ Àִµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ³²ºÎ»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºÏºÎ ¶Ç´Â ¿µ±¹¿µ¾î¿¡¼­µµ ½±°Ô ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ ÈæÀεéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¾îÈÖµéÀ» ¸¶Ä¡ µ¿À½¾îÀÎ °Íó·³ ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù.
example) court - caught
fort - faught
guard - god
nor - gnaw
sore - saw
¶Ç ¾î¶² ÈæÀεéÀº ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÀÚÀ½ À§¿¡ ¿À´Â /r/À» »ý·«ÇϱâÁ¶Â÷ Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ ¿ª½Ã °£È¤ ¹éÀÎÀÇ ¹ßÀ½¿¡¼­µµ ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
example) from - pronounced as f'om
prospect - pronounced as p'ospect
protect - pronounced as p'otect
proverbial - pronounced as p'overbial
tradition - pronounced as t'adition
´õ¿í ´õ º¯Ä¢ÀûÀÎ ÇüÅ·μ­ Áß°£ °èÃþÀÌ»óÀÇ ÈæÀÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡´Â µå¹°Áö¸¸ ÇϺÎÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ °èÃþÀÇ ÈæÀεéÀº ¸ðÀ½ µÚÀÇ /r/»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðÀ½»çÀÌ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â /r/µµ »ý·«ÇϹǷΠ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¾îÈÖµéÀº ¸¶Ä¡ µ¿À½¾îó·³ ¹ßÀ½µÈ´Ù.
example) carol - pronounced as cal
interested - pronounced as int'ested
pairs - pronounced as pass
parrot - pronounced as pat
terrace - pronounced as test
ÀÌ /r/ÀÇ »ý·«Àº ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ ¸î °¡ÁöÀÇ °ü·ÃµÈ ¿µÇâÀ» °¡Á®¿Ô´Âµ¥ ù° /r/ÀÇ »ý·«Àº ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸î¸î ¾îÈÖÀÇ º´ÇÕÀ» °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù. Áï ÈæÀοµ¾î¿¡¼­ you¿Í your¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â you/yo/¿Í they¿Í their¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â they/da/°¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÈæÀεéÀÌ ºñ·Ï they book, you bookÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÒÁö¶óµµ I bookÀ̶ó°í ÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊµíÀÌ ¾î¶² ´ë¸í»çÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀº º´ÇÕµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ±×´ë·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
(Success With Words, 1983 : 84)
example) It is you bag.
This is you seat.
That is they house.
She is they mother.
*It is I book.
*This is we school.
*That is she mother.
µÑ°·Î /r/ÀÇ »ý·«À» ¹ßÀ½¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© öÀÚ¸¦ ¾Ï±âÇÏ´Â ÈæÀÎÇлýµé¿¡°Ô °°Àº ¶Ç·¡ÀÇ ¹éÀÎÇлýµé º¸´Ùµµ ¸¹Àº ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °¡Á®´ÙÁÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÈæÀεéÀÌ ¹ßÀ½ ½Ã¿¡ /r/À» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±× °á°ú öÀÚ¸¦ ¿Ü¿ï ¶§µµ ¸¶Ä¡ rÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Âø°¢Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

/l/ÀÇ »ý·«
¾î¹Ì¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â /l/Àº ¸¹Àº Á¡¿¡¼­ /r/°ú ±× ¼º°ÝÀÌ ºñ½ÁÇϳª ±× »ý·«µÇ´Â ºóµµ¿¡ À־ /r/º¸´Ù´Â ´úÇÏ´Ù.
¹°·Ð ¸¹Àº ¹éÀε鵵 ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î /l/ÀÌ ÀÚÀ½ ¾Õ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Ball GameÀ» »¡¸® ¹ßÀ½ÇÒ ¶§ µé¸®´Â °Íó·³ ¹Ù·Î ¾ÕÀÇ ¸ðÀ½°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô /l/À» ¹ßÀ½Çϳª ÈæÀÎÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â /l/ÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ È¿·ÂÀ» ÀҴ´Ù.
example) all - awe
cool - coo
fault - faught
toll - toe
tool - too
ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ Burling(1982 : 255)Àº ÈæÀεéÀÌ I go¶ó°í ÇÒ ¶§ ÀÌ´Â ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç º¸´Ù ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»·Á¸é I will go ȤÀº I we' go¶ó°í´Â Çϳª °áÄÚ I'll go¶ó°í´Â ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥ ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾î¹ÌÀÇ ÀÚÀ½À» ¹ßÀ½ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ½À°üÀÌ µÈ ÈæÀεéÀÌ ¾î¹Ì/l/À» ¹ßÀ½Çϱâ¶õ ½±Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ±×´Â ¸¸¾à ÈæÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ Ã¥À̶ó¸é ƯÈ÷ ÈæÀÎÇлýÀ» À§ÇÑ ±³°ú¼­¶ó¸é ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â I will go¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÈæÀÎÇлýµéÀÇ ¹ßÀ½À» ½±°Ô ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.

¾î¹Ì ÀÚÀ½±ºÀÇ ´Ü¼øÈ­ (The Simplification of Final Consonant Clusters)
º¸Åë ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº ¾î¹ÌÀÇ ÀÚÀ½±º µÚ¿¡ ´Ù½Ã ÀÚÀ½À¸·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ¾îÈÖ°¡ ¿Ã °æ¿ì¿¡´Â
±× ÀÚÀ½ ±ºÀÌ À¯¼ºÀ½ÀÌµç ¹«¼ºÀ½ÀÌµç ´Ü¼øÈ­ÇÏ°í ±× ÀÚÀ½±º µÚ¿¡ ¸ðÀ½ÀÌ ¿À´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´Ü¼øÈ­ÇÏÁö ¾Æ³ªÇϳª ÈæÀεéÀº ¸ðµç °æ¿ì¿¡¼­ -st, /-ft/, -nd, -ld, -zd, -md°°Àº ÀÚÀ½±ºÀ» ´Ü¼øÈ­ÇÏ¿© /t/³ª/d/¸¸À» ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù.
example) bed - /be/
cost - /cos/
desk - /des/
hand - /han/
boast - /boss/
À§ÀÇ ¾ð¾îÀû Çö»ó ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¾Á¾ µ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀ» ÇöÀçÇüÀ¸·Î Àб⵵ ÇÑ´Ù.
example) dropped - drop
hanged - hang
killed - kill
picked - pick
walked - walk
±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®°¡ ÈçÈ÷ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç¶ó°í ÀÏÄ´ µ¿»ç´Â °ú°ÅÇüÀÌ µ¿»çÀÇ ¿øÇü¿¡¼­ º¯È­µÈ ÇüÅ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î À§ÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥ ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î singÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀÎ sang°ú tellÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀÎ told´Â ¾î¹ÌÀÇ ÀÚÀ½À» »ý·«ÇÑ´Ù °¡Á¤Çصµ ÇöÀçÇü°ú °°¾ÆÁöÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
¶Ç ÈæÀεéÀº À¯¼ºÀ½Àº /b/, /d/, /g/¸¦ ¸¶Ä¡ ¹«¼ºÀ½ Ãë±ÞÇÏ¿© bud¿Í butsms ¾î¹ÌÀÇ ÀÚÀ½À¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÇ±âº¸´Ù´Â budÀÇ Á¶±Ý ±ä ¸ðÀ½ÀÇ ¹ßÀ½À¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù. ´õ±º´Ù³ª /d/°¡ ¾î¹ÌÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹ßÀ½ÀÌ »ý·«µÇ´Â ¿¹°¡ Çã´ÙÇÏ´Ù.

example) toad - pronounced as toe
¾î¹Ì ÀÚÀ½±ºÀÇ ´Ü¼øÈ­¸¦ ¹è°æÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© ¸î °¡Áö Á¡À» Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥ ¸ÕÀú ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ­ Çö»óÀÌ ´ÜÁö ¾îÈÖ ±× ÀÚü»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× ¾îÈÖÀÇ º¯È­Çü¿¡µµ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ¹éÀεéÀÌ test¸¦ tes' ¶Ç´Â test·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÒÁö¶óµµ ±× º¯È­ÇüÀÎ tester³ª testingÀ» ¹ßÀ½ÇÒ ¶§´Â ¾î¹Ì±ºÀÇ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¸ðÀ½ÀÌ ¿À¹Ç·Î /t/¸¦ »ý·«Ä¡ ¾ÊÀ¸³ª ³²ºÎÀÇ ÈæÀεéÀº ¾î¹Ì¿¡ t°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °¡Á¤ ÇÏ¿¡ ±× ¾îÈÖÀÇ º¯È­ÇüÀ» ¸¸µé ¶§´Â t°¡ ¾øÀÌ tesser³ª tessingÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù. Áï testÀÇ º¹¼öÇüÀÎ tests¸¦ ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡µµ /t/¸¦ ¹ßÀ½ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¾î¹Ì°¡ /s/°¡ µÇ¹Ç·Î ÀÌ¿¡ ¸Â´Â º¹¼öÇüÀÇ Á¢¹Ì»çÀÎ es¸¦ ºÙÀδٴ »ó»ó ÇÏ¿¡ ÈæÀεéÀº ¾î¹Ì¸¦/iz/·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇØ /tests/°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ /tesiz/·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
example) clasps - pronounced as classes
confest - pronounced as confesses
desk - pronounced as desses
ghosts - pronounced as guesses
µÑ°·Î ¾Æ ÀÚÀ½±ºÀÇ ´Ü¼øÈ­ ¶§¹®¿¡ ÈæÀεéÀº ù À½Àý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÚÀ½¸¸À» ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ°í ¾î¹Ì¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÚÀ½Àº °ÅÀÇ ¹ßÀ½ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±×µéÀÇ ¿µ¾î¿¡ À־ ¾î¹ÌÀÇ ÀǹÌÀû °¡Ä¡´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.
¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ­ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿ø·¡´Â µ¿À½¾î°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¾îÈÖµéÀ» ¸¶Ä¡ µ¿À½¾îó·³ ¹ßÀ½ÇϹǷΠÈæÀÎÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÈæÀÎÀÌ ÇÏ´Â ¸»À» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ¶õ ¹«Ã´ ÈûÀÌ µé´Ù ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÀüÈÄ°ü°è¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¾î´À Á¤µµ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

À½ÀÇ º¯È­(The Change of Sounds)
ÈæÀεéÀº ù À½Àý¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â /th/¸¦ /d/·Î ¹ßÀ½Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ¹éÀÎÀÇ ¿µ¾î ¶Ç´Â Caribbean Creole¿¡¼­µµ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Âµ¥ ÈæÀεéÀº ù À½ÀýÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ À½Àý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â //¿Í //µµ °¢°¢ /f/¿Í /v/·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù.
example) that - pronounced as dat
them - pronounced as dem
death - pronounced as deaf
Ruth - pronounced as roof
´ÙÀ½Àº ¸ðÀ½ ÂÊ¿¡ À־ À½ÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ »ìÆ캸·Á ÇÑ´Ù.
ÈæÀεéÀº ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½Àû ¼º°ÝÀÌ ÀÖ´Â //¿Í /ou/°¡ ÇÔ²² ´Ü¸ðÀ½ÀÎ //°¡ µÇ¹Ç·Î find, found, fond°¡ ¸ðµÎ µ¿À½¾î°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾îÀÇ µ¿À½¾îÀÎ horse¿Í hoarse ¶Ç for¸¦ ¸¶Ä¡ ÀÌÀ½¾îó·³ ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀ» ³î¶ó°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
example) find - /fnd/
like - /lk/
nice - /ns/
ride - /rd/
/oi/¸¦ /o/·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù.
example) boy - /bo/
joy - /jo/

/ing/¸¦ /ang/·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù.
example) sing - /sang/
thing - /thang/
/e/¸¦ /i/·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù.
example) get - /git/
hemp - /him/
pen - /pin/
ten - /tin/
ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½ÀÌ lÀ̳ª r¾Õ¿¡ ¿Ã ¶§ ±× ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½ ¿ª½Ã ´Ü¸ðÀ½È­ µÈ´Ù.
example) beer - pronounced as bear
boil - pronounced as ball
poor - pronounced as pour
¸ðÀ½ÀÌ ºñÀ½ ¾Õ¿¡ ¿À´Â °æ¿ì ±× ¸ðÀ½Àº ºñ ¸ðÀ½ È­µÇ°í ¶Ç ±× ºñÀ½ È­µÈ ¸ðÀ½Àº È¿·ÂÀ» ÀҴ´Ù.
example) run, rum, rung - /ru/

2) ¹®ÇüÀû Çö»ó(Syntactic Features)
°è»çÀÇ »ý·«(The Deletion of Copula)
ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ Çö»óÀÇ Çϳª·Î¼­ ÈæÀοµ¾î´Â ¹°·ÐÀÌ°í Russian, Hungarian, Thai ¶Ç ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ ¸ðü¿´´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Creole¿¡¼­µµ ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
°è»ç »ý·«ÀÇ ±â¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÇÐÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿©·¯ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ¸¹À¸³ª Å©°Ô´Â µÎ °¡Áö·Î ³ª´µ¾î Áø´Ù. ù° ÀÌ Çö»óÀ» ¹éÀοµ¾î¿¡¼­µµ ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ Çö»óÀÌ ¹éÀοµ¾î¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù´Â °ßÇØ¿Í ÀÌ Çö»óÀÌ Áß³²¹Ì Creole¿¡¼­ ÀÚÁÖ ³ªÅ¸³ª¹Ç·Î Creole¿¡¼­ ±× ±â¿øÀ» ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â CreoleÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °ßÇØ°¡ ÀÖÀ¸³ª Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÈÄÀÚÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ´õ ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÈ´Ù.
°è»çÀÇ »ý·«À» Å©¸®¿Ã¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â CreoleÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀº Å©°Ô 4°¡Áö Á¡¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ´Ù. (Trudgill, 1974 : 71)
°è»çÀÇ »ý·«Àº Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾îÀÇ ±â¿øÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿µ±¹¿µ¾î¿¡¼­´Â ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù.
°è»çÀÇ »ý·«Àº Áß³²¹Ì¿¡ »ç´Â ÈæÀεéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Å©¸®¿ÃÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù.
°è»çÀÇ »ý·«Àº ¹éÀοµ¾îº¸´Ù ÈæÀοµ¾î¿¡¼­ º¸ÆíÈ­µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¹éÀοµ¾î¿¡¼­ °è»çÀÇ »ý·«ÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ ¿µÇâ ¶§¹® ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
°è»çÀÇ »ý·«Àº ÁÖ¾î¿Í °è»ç°¡ Ãà¾àÀÌ µÉ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ °¡´ÉÇϸç À½ÀÇ »ý·«°úµµ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³Ä¸é they're°¡ they·Î µÇ´Â °æ¿ì´Â ¸ðÀ½ µÚÀÇ /r/ÀÌ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î °è»çÀÇ »ý·«Àº À½ÀÇ »ý·«ÀÇ °á°ú¶ó°íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
example) beis > he's > he
they are > thery're > they
±×·¯³ª ÇÑ°¡Áö ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â °è»ç°¡ amÀÎ °æ¿ì·Î¼­ À̶§ °è»ç°¡ ºñ·Ï ÁÖ¾î¿Í
Ãà¾àÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ »ý·«µÇÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥ ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â mÀ» ¹ßÀ½ÇÒ ¶§ÀÇ /m/Àº s¸¦
¹ßÀ½ÇÒ ¶§ÀÇ /z/º¸´Ù À½¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ´ú »ý·«µÇ·Á´Â °æÇâÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
example) *I a boy
*I happy
Á¢¹Ì»çÀÇ »ý·«(The Deletion of Suffixes)
ÈæÀεéÀº ¹®ÀåÀÇ Á־ »ïÀÎĪ ´Ü¼ö ÇöÀçÀÏÁö¶óµµ µ¿»ç¿¡ Á¢¹Ì»ç s¸¦ ºÙÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í Àִµ¥ ÀÌ´Â °£È¤ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Dialect³ª ³²ºÎ ¹éÀÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¹éÀοµ¾î¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÇ¾ú´Ù°í´Â ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
example) She eat.
He go.
It work.
Elaine like to drink.
¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î have¿Í doµµ »ïÀÎĪ ´Ü¼ö ÇöÀçÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡ has³ª does·Î º¯È­½ÃÅ°Áö ¾Ê°í ±×´ë·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
example) She have a car.
He have a house.
She do shopping.
¶Ç ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀ» ¸¸µé ¶§µµ Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾î¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý ºÎÈ£¿Í s¸¦ ºÙÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í ´ÜÁö ¾îÈÖÀÇ ¼ø¼­·Î¼­ ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
example) The boy shoes.
It be Jimmy son.
My mom clothes.
±×·±µ¥ ÈæÀεéÀÌ ºñ·Ï »ïÀÎĪ ´Ü¼öÇöÀçÀÇ Á¢¹Ì»çÀÎ s¸¦ »ç¿ëÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â´Ù ÇÒÁö¶óµµ º¹¼öÇüÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Á¢¹Ì»çÀÎ s¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¾Æ¼­ ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ µÎ Á¢¹Ì»ç¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô Ãë±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
º¸Åë »ý°¢Çϱ⿡´Â µÎ Á¢¹Ì»ç°¡ °°Àº s´Ï±î ¸ðµÎ °°ÀÌ ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ¶Ç´Â ¸ðµå °°ÀÌ ¾²¿©¾ß ÇÏ°ÚÁö¸¸ »ç½ÇÀº ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀºµ¥ ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¿ª»çÀû °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ º¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. Áï Ãʱ⿡´Â µÎ Á¢¹Ì»ç´Â ¸ðµÎ »ý·«µÆ´Âµ¥ ƯÈ÷ Á¢¹Ì»ç°¡ ÀÚÀ½ µÚ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ¹ßÀ½Çϱâ Èûµç ÀÚÀ½ ±ºÀ» Çü¼ºÇϹǷΠ¿¹¿Ü ¾øÀÌ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÈÄ¿¡ »ïÀÎĪ ´Ü¼ö ÇöÀçÀÇ Á¢¹Ì»ç´Â ±× Àǹ̻óÀÇ Á߿伺ÀÌ ÀûÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¼Ò¸êµÇ¾ú°í º¹¼öÇüÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Á¢¹Ì»ç´Â ±× ÀǹÌÀÇ Á߿伺ÀÌ Å©´Ù´Â À¯Ãß¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÈæÀοµ¾î¿¡ ´Ù½Ã ¾²ÀÌ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Burling, 1982 : 254)

ÀÌÁߺÎÁ¤
He doesn't say nothingó·³ Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾î¿¡¼­´Â ¿ëÀεÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÌÁߺÎÁ¤Ç¥ÇöÀ» ÈæÀεéÀº ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í Àִµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ¼¼ÀͽºÇǾºÎÅÍ ´ëÈ­¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÁÖ Àß ¾²¿´À¸¸ç ¾ð¶æ º¸±â¿¡´Â ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ºÎÁ¤ÀÌ´Ï±î ±àÁ¤À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÒÁö ¸ð¸£³ª »ç½ÇÀº ÇÑ°á°°ÀÌ ºÎÁ¤À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
(Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, 1989 : p.365)
example) I don't like to drink nothing.
You don't know nothing.
He didn't care nothing.
ƯÈ÷ ºÎÁ¤´ë¸í»ç¸¦ ÁÖ¾î·Î ¸»ÇÒ ¶§´Â ºÎÁ¤À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ´ë¸í»ç¸¦ ¹®µÎ¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃŲ´Ù.
example) Doesn't nobody do such a stupid thing.
Can't nobody do nothing about that matter.
Wasn't nobody feeling guilty about that.
Didn't nobody do it.

°è¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÇൿÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â be
ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ Á¢¹Ì»çÀÇ »ý·«, °è»çÀÇ »ý·«µî ¸¹Àº ´Ü¼øÈ­ Çö»ó¿¡ ¿ªÀ¸·Î ÈæÀοµ¾î¸¸ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÈæÀοµ¾î¸¦ Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾îº¸´Ù ÇÑÃþ ´õ º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â Çö»óÀÇ Çϳª°¡ ¹Ù·Î beÀÌ´Ù.
¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¾î¶² Dialect¿¡¼­µµ ½À°üÀûÀÎ ÇൿÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â be¸¦ ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÀÌ Çö»óÀÌ º¸´Ù º¸ÆíÈ­µÇ¾î ¾²ÀÌ°Ô µÈ °ÍÀº ÈæÀοµ¾î¿¡¼­ ÀÌ´Ù. ¶Ç ÈæÀοµ¾î¿¡¼­ µ¿»ç be´Â °è¼Ó ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â ½À°üÀûÀÎ ÇൿÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¹Ç·Î ¹Ý´ë·Î be°¡ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» ¶§´Â ½À°üÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ ÇൿÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
example) He sick - He's sick right now.
He be sick - He's sick all the time.
She be happy at this moments.
He be busy right now.

¿Ï·á»ó°ú ¿ø½ÃÁ¡»ó
ÈæÀοµ¾î¿¡´Â Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾î°¡ °®Áö ¾Ê´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ »óÀÌ Àִµ¥ ±× ù°´Â µ¿ÀÛÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÇ¾úÀ½À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¿Ï·á»óÀÌ°í ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â µ¿ÀÛÀÌ ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ ÀϾ¼­ °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¸®´Â ¿ø½ÃÁ¡»óÀε¥ ¿Ï·á»óÀº °¡²û ¾î¶² ¹éÀοµ¾î¿¡¼­µµ ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¿ø½ÃÁ¡»óÀº ÈæÀοµ¾î¿¡¸¸ °íÀ¯ÇÏ´Ù.
example) ¿Ï·á»ó
Jimmy bin showed me his wife's photo. - This means that the showing was completed a long time ago.
¿ø½ÃÁ¡»ó
I done been married - This means "I was married a long time ago and still married."

°£Á¢Àǹ®¹®
Ç¥ÁØ¿µ¾î¿¡¼­´Â °£Á¢Àǹ®¹®À» ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ Á¾¼ÓÀý¿¡ Àǹ®»ç, ÁÖ¾î, µ¿»çÀÇ ¼øÀ¸·Î ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿øÄ¢À̳ª ÈæÀεéÀº ÀÌ Àǹ®Àý¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»çÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù°í ÀÖ´Ù.
example) I asked him where did he go that day.
I don't know what did she do in highschool.
I like to know what is it.
ÀÌ ¹Û¿¡µµ there isÀÇ ¹®Àå ÇüÅ¿¡¼­ there´ë½Å¿¡ it°¡ ¾²ÀÌ°í ¶Ç ¿ø·¡´Â Çü¿ë»çÀÎ steady°¡ ÈæÀοµ¾î¿¡¼­ Á¾Á¾ ºÎ»ç·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â Çö»óÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
example) there is - it is
It's no money in my pockets.
It's no possibility for me to give up on her.
It's no money left to buy booze.
steady - used as an adverb
Ricky be steady stepping in them.
Your mind is steady working.
Her brother be rapping steady.

3) ¾îÈÖÀû Çö»ó(Lexical Features)

ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ ¿©·¯ ºÐ¾ß Áß¿¡¼­µµ ÀÌ ¾îÈÖÀÇ ºÐ¾ß´Â ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ ÇÐÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ°ßÀÌ ¸¹Àºµ¥ ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÈæÀεéÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¾îÈÖµéÀÇ »ó´çºÎºÐÀÌ ¹éÀε鿡 ÀÇÇؼ­µµ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î Áö°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ÇÐÀÚµéÀº banjo, boogie-woogie, jamboree, jive, okra, yam°ú °°Àº ¾îÈÖµéÀÌ ÈæÀοµ¾î¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Ô´Ù´Âµ¥ µ¿ÀÇ ÇÏ°íÀÖ´Ù.
¿©±â¿¡ ¸¹Àº ÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÈæÀεéÀÌ ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°¿¡¼­ ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤µÇ´Â ¾îÈÖ³ª ¾î±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¿¬±¸ÇØ º¸·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌµé ¾îÈÖµéÀ» º¼ ¶§ ¿ì¸®´Â ÈæÀεéÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¾îÈÖÀÇ »ó´çºÎºÐÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ³²ºÎ¿µ¾î³ª ¶Ç´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼Ó¾î(slang)¿¡¼­µµ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾îÈÖµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Ãß·ÐÀ» ³»¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¼Ó¾î(slang)°¡ ÈçÈ÷ ±×·¸µíÀÌ °ÅÀÇ 100% ¼Û¾î·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ÈæÀÎÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ë ÇÏ´Â ¾îÈÖµµ »çȸ¿¡¼­ ±Ý±â½ÃÇÏ´Â ¿å, »ó½º·± ¸», Àú¼ÓÇÑ ¸», ¼ºÀûÀΠǥÇö µîÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
example) motherfucker, fuck off, ass-sucker, give a shut, kick some's ass, ride the rag, shit, sucker, trim, tubesteak, creamstick, joy-juice, jelly roll
¹éÀÎÀ» °æ¸êÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎ¸£´Â ¿©·¯ ¾îÈÖ¸¦ º¼ ¶§ ±×µéÀÇ ¹éÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Áõ¿À¸¦ ¿³ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
example) honkie, whitey, white boy, peckerwood, mashmallow, red-neck, buckra, cracker, Mister Charlie, white meat
ÈæÀεéÀº ¹éÀεé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿© ÈæÀε鸸À» ºÎ¸£´Â ¾îÈÖ°¡ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¾Æ ±×µé¸¸ÀÇ ´Ü°á½É ¶Ç´Â Ÿ ÀÎÁ¾(ƯÈ÷ ¹éÀÎ)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹èŸ½ÉÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
example) bro, brother, cuz, sister, homboy, homeslice, blood, ebony man, nigga, homegirl, home
´õºÒ¾î ÈæÀεé Áß¿¡¼­µµ ¹éÀΠüÁ¦¸¦ µ½°Å³ª ¶Ç´Â ¹éÀÎ ¹Ø¿¡¼­ ºñ±¼ÇÏ°Ô ÀÏÇÏ´Â ÈæÀÎÀ» °æ¸êÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
example) *Uncle Tom, faded boogie, Tom, Mister Tom, house nigger, oreo, Aunt-Jemuna.
ÈæÀοµ¾îµµ ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾îµî°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î °è¼Ó »õ·Î¿î Ç¥ÇöµéÀÌ ÈæÀÎµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¸¸µé¾î Á®¼­ Åë¿ëµÇ¾î Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
example) bust a pose, check the bible, home slice.


4. ÈæÀοµ¾îÀÇ »çȸÀû À̽´

ÈæÀοµ¾î´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¾ð¾îÀÇ Çö»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× ¾ð¾î°¡ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â »çȸÀû °ü°è¼ºÀ» »ý°¢ÇغÁ¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ÈæÀοµ¾î°¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀΠǥÁØ ¿µ¾î¿Í ¸Å¿ì »óÀÌÇÑ ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀÎÁ¾Àû, »çȸÀû, ±³À°ÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ¿ÀŬ·£µåÀÇ 96³âµµ¿¡ ÀϾ ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹è°æÀ» Àß ¼³¸íÇØ ÁØÇÏ°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¾ð¾îÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀ¸·Î¸¸ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ´ø À̹ٴнº¸¦ ¹Ì±¹´ë·ú ÀüüÀÇ °ü½É»ç·Î ²ø¾î¿Ã¸° °ÍÀº Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ¿ÀŬ·£µå¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÄ¿ ÃʵîÇб³ ±³»çµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ÈæÀΰè ÇлýµéÀÌ ´ëºÎºÐÀÎ ÀÌ Çб³´Â ÇлýµéÀÌ Ç¥ÁØ ¿µ¾î¸¦ ÀÍÈ÷Áö ¸øÇØ Çб³¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â Çö»óÀ» °í¹ÎÇÏ´Ù ¸øÇØ ¾Æ¿¹ ±³»çµéµµ ÇлýµéÀÌ ¾²´Â À̹ٴнº¸¦ ¹è¿ì±â·Î °áÀÇÇÑ´Ù. Çлýµé¿¡°Ô À̹ٴнº¸¦ ¾²Áö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í Ç¥ÁØ ¿µ¾î¸¸ ¾²µµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ÇнÀ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÇнÀ µ¿±â¸¦ ÁøÀÛ½ÃÅ°Áö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆÇ´ÜÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. À̹ٴнºµµ ÇϳªÀÇ ¾ð¾î·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ¾ð¾î·Î ¿µ¾î¸¦ ¹è¿ìµµ·Ï ±ÇÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀüȯÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹®Á¦°¡ °ø½ÄÈ­µÈ °ÍÀº Çб³ÀÌ»çȸ°¡ ÀÌÁß ¾ð¾î±³À°À» À§ÇÑ ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎÀÇ Áö¿ø±ÝÀ» ½ÅûÇϸ鼭ºÎÅÍ. Á¤ÀÛ ¹Ý´ë´Â ÈæÀλçȸ¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀ۵ƴÙ. ÈæÀÎ ¿¬Çձⱸ¿¡¼­ ¡º¾ÆÁÖ ÀÜÀÎÇÑ ³ó´ã¡»À̶ó´Â ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ³ª¿Ô°í ÈæÀÎÁöµµÀÚ Á¦½Ã Àè½¼¸ñ»ç´Â ¡ºµµÀúÈ÷ ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ºÒ¸í¿¹½º·¯¿î Ç× º¹¡»À̶ó°í ºñ³­Çß´Ù. ÀÌÀ¯´Â ´ÜÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇØ À̹ٴнº¸¦ ¾²´Â ÈæÀεéÀ» ¾î¶² ±â¾÷¿¡¼­ ä¿ëÇÏ°Ú´À³Ä´Â °Í. ±×°ÍÀº ÈæÀεéÀÇ »çȸºÎÀûÀÀÀ» ´õ¿í ½ÉÈ­½ÃÅ°´Â °á°ú¸¦ ºú´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¹°·Ð °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Îµµ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖÁö»ç ÇÇÆ® Àª½¼Àº ±×ÀÇ °øº¸ºñ¼­¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¡º¿ì½º²Î½º·¯¿î À̷С»À̶ó¸ç Àý´ë µ·À» ÁÙ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í Çß´Ù. ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ì ±³À°ºÎÀå°üÀÎ ¸®Â÷µå ¸±¸® ¿ª½Ã ¡ºÀ̹ٴнº´Â »çÅõ¸®ÀÏ »Ó¡»À̶ó°í Áö¿øÀ» °ÅÀýÇß´Ù.
Àè½¼¸ñ»ç´Â ³ªÁß¿¡ Çб³¸¦ ¹æ¹®, ±³»çµé°ú Åä·ÐÀ» °¡Áø µÚ ¡ºÇлýµéÀ» ºÎ²ô·´°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­µµ ¿µ¾î¸¦ ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °¡±³¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇÏ·Á´Â ½Ãµµ·Î ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù¡»°í ÇÑ¹ß ÈÄÅðÇß´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù°í Çؼ­ Àüü ÈæÀλçȸÀÇ ¹Ý´ë °­µµ°¡ ³·¾ÆÁø °ÍÀ̶ó°í´Â º¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. À̹ٴнºÀÇ ¿ø±ºÀº ÁÖ·Î ¾ð¾îÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù. 6õ¸íÀÇ ¾ð¾îÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ È¸¿øÀ¸·Î °¡ÀԵŠÀÖ´Â ¹Ì±¹ ¾ð¾îÇÐȸ´Â 1¿ù3ÀÏ ½ÃÄ«°í¿¡¼­ Á¤±âÃÑȸ¸¦ °®°í ÆÄÄ¿ ÃʵîÇб³ÀÇ °áÀǸ¦ ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â °áÀǾÈÀ» äÅÃÇß´Ù. À̹ٴнºÀÇ Çã¿ëÀÌ Ç¥ÁØ ¹Ì±¹ ¿µ¾î·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡´Â ´Ù¸®°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̾ú´Ù.
[Joke] At a butcher shop
°Å¹«Á×Á×, Çã¿©¸Ö°Ç, Ǫ¸£µùµù...
 
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